INFORMATION SYSTEM

today, we are going to talk about an  interesting subject which is among the best part of IT,  our topic to day is "INFORMATION SYSTEM ",
As we already know the concept of Information, we have to explain a little bit about System,

 A system is a set of interacting or interdependent components or a set of elements which are interacting each other  in order to get something productive but we know that we are defining  it in IT so system have inputs, processing mechanism, outputs and feedback

Now, when we try to combine Information and System, as Information System we can define it as  a kind of  application or program of computer  based on higher  sophisticated technology using important Information Technology tools (such as combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and proficient personal ) used in order to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data and also facilitate  any kind of planning or coordination and decision-making in an organization .

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

 Now, I am going to introduce you What is Information Technology ? the concepts of IT and a little explanation about the differentiation  between IT and ICT.

     

    Information technology (IT) can be defined in various ways, but is broadly considered to encompass the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones.




     therefore, in order to apply any kind of Technology in any organization we have to follow certain concepts;
those concept will help us to integrate the Information Technology effectively.

Information Technology Concept; 

     IT Architecture, it is a kind of plan or information strategy which is made before to design the Information System, it will explain all the information about IS, how the IS will process the Information and so on.
                    The IT Architecture is an organized set of consensus decisions on policies & principles, services & common solutions, standards & guidelines as well as specific vendor products used by IT providers both inside and outside the Information Technology Branch (ITB). One of the major activities associated with producing an IT Architecture will be the process of achieving such consensus decisions. It is understood that reaching consensus may constrain purchase and design options, hopefully in the interest of enhancing interoperability. It is a given that the greater the consensus achieved, the greater the organizational benefits attained.

     IT Infrastructure  is the physical hardware used to interconnect computers and users. Infrastructure includes the transmission media, including telephone lines, cable television lines, and satellites and antennas, and also the routers, aggregators, repeaters, and other devices that control transmission paths. Infrastructure also includes the software used to send, receive, and manage the signals that are transmitted.

 after seeing the concept of IT, we have to know what is "Information and Communication Technology(ICT)"  and the difference between IT and ICT ?
 
ICT,   Information and communications technology or information and communication technology (ICT), is often used as an extended synonym for information technology(IT), but is a more specific on communication technology such as internet, wireless networks, cell phones and other communication mediums . It heps us to access easily Information through telecommunications
    

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Introdution about Computer

In today's presentation, I'm going to explain to you,  what are computers all about and  present to you the evolution of them.

 So let's get the ball rolling,

          What is a computer? A computer is any device capable of performing computations (making calculations)--it performs a computation and produces an answer. That includes an abacus. But this is a little too simple and too broad to describe most computers today. Today's computers can perform very complex calculations at extremely high speeds using silicon-based semi-conductor technologies and a collection of storage, processing, presentation and user interface components to make it produce input and output in a format computer users can interpret. 

what kind of operating that the computer can proceed ?

   Basic operations that a computer can perform:

•  Input
• Processing
• Output
• storage

others:

• Communication

Evolution of computer:

Pre-computers and early computers ( before1940)
      The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arthimetic processes. Today, abaci are often constructed as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal. The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and clerks in Asia,Africa, and elsewhere. The user of an abacus is called an abacist.

  Now, I'm going to talk about the generation of the computers as you know that at this century we are in full evolution of technology. The world now depends more on  the technology.
    when we try to look at everywhere at school, at home, at work, etc; whatever activities that we carry out at those places require Technology tools.   the Technology is widely available.
   Knowing that, In order to get more understanding about the computers, we have to know the evolution of the computers.

1. First generation(1940-1950):  

     VACCUM TUBE :  In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), thermionic valve, tube, or valve is a device controlling electri through a vacuum in a sealed container.                                   Eniac(1945) was the first electronic general-purpose computer . It was Turing-complet , digital, and capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.     

          Univac(1950) is the name of a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. Later the name was applied to a division of the Remington Rand company and successor organizations. The descendants of the UNIVAC line continue today as products of the Unisys company. UNIVAC is an acronym for UNIVersal Automatic Computer. 

2. Second generation(1950-1964):   

     William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain invent the transistor.

Vacuum tubes have been replaced by transistors. 

          The IBM 1401 was a variable wordlength decimal computer that was announced by IBM on October 5, 1959. The first member of the highly successful IBM 1400 series, it was aimed at replacing electromechanical unit record equipment for processing data stored on punched cards. Over 10,000 units were produced and many were leased or resold in less developed countries after they were replaced with newer technology. The 1401 was withdrawn on February 8, 1971 .

High level languages (COBOL: Common Business-Oriented Language and FORTRAN: formula translator)

3. Third  generation(1964-1974):  

       
 Integrated circuits, also called "chips", are electronic circuits where all the components (transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors) has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. User start use OS, keyboard and Monitor




4. Fourth generation(1974-present):

       
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating integrated circuits by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when complex semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed. The microprocessor is a VLSI device.

ULSI (ultra-large-scale integration)  was proposed for chips of complexity of more than 1 million transistors.






4. Fifth generation(now && future):

    
            Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines

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Information Managemant (week 2)

Today, we move forwards with a new subject which is:  Information Management, I'm going to talk about What is Information Management and some problems and solution related to it ?

               Information management (IM) is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences. This sometimes involves those who have a stake in, or a right to that information. Management means the organization of and control over the planning, structure and organisation, controlling, processing, evaluating and reporting of information activities in order to meet client objectives and to enable corporate functions in the delivery of information.
Throughout the 1970s this was largely limited to files, file maintenance, and the life cycle management of paper-based files, other media and records. With the proliferation of Information Technology starting in the 1970s, the job of information management took on a new light, and also began to include the field of data maintenance. No longer was information management a simple job that could be performed by almost anyone. An understanding of the technology involved, and the theory behind it became necessary. As information storage shifted to electronic means, this became more and more difficult. By the late 1990s when information was regularly disseminated across computer networks and by other electronic means, network managers, in a sense, became information managers. Those individuals found themselves tasked with increasingly complex tasks, hardware and software. With the latest tools available, information management has become a powerful resource and a large expense for many organizations.
In short, information management entails organizing, retrieving, acquiring, securing and maintaining information. It is closely related to and overlapping with the practice of data management.

Some problems related to Information management:

     

     Organizations are confronted with many information management problems and issues. In many ways, the growth of electronic information (rather than paper) has only worsened these issues over the last decade or two.


 Common information management problems include:

• Large number of disparate information management systems.
• Little integration or coordination between information systems.
• Range of legacy systems requiring upgrading or replacement.
• Direct competition between information management systems.
• No clear strategic direction for the overall technology environment.
• Limited and patchy adoption of existing information systems by staff.
• Poor quality of information, including lack of consistency, duplication, and out-of-date information.
• Little recognition and support of information management by senior management.

 In order to resolve those problems we have to fulfill those below principles:

1. recognise (and manage) complexity
2. focus on adoption
3. deliver tangible & visible benefits
4. prioritise according to business needs
5. take a journey of a thousand steps
6. provide strong leadership
7. mitigate risks
8. communicate extensively
9. aim to deliver a seamless user experience
10. choose the first project very carefully

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First week in IT

Hi everyone,

Today, I’m going to summary all the things that we have been doing at our first week in Information Technology but before I have to explain to you how this Subject (in Information Technology) have affected me.  First of all, I want to let to you know that before to come here I was doing Computer Science but I didn’t finish and now I think I have some Skills about Computer.

 But During my studies before it was just practice, I have never learnt theory about Computer.
And I realize now that we have to know the theory before to practice, That is among the most important thing that I admire in this Subject, it’s because our lecturer teach us the theories and then  she show us how to  apply  it to the computer .

Coming back to the Information Technology, this is my first time to learn about it and   I’m so eager to get the knowledge about it.  I’m looking forward that I’ll get more skills and  more understanding about it.

So Now I’m going to explain to you what I have understood during the first first week.

 At the beginning, our lecture has started to explain the fundamental concepts of IT which are: DATA and Information;

   Data is the row facts, it can be in the forms of character, Number, Symbols, picture, sound and even video. It is an unprocessed items that has no significant if it stays in its original  forms.

 It is used as input for processing and information is the output of that processing.

 Information is data that are organized and meaningful, 
It is used for decisions-making; The information comes after processing the data by using a computer;  
  At first the member of data is entered and stored in the hard disk and secondly the computer  extract the data  from the hard disk and by using a software the computer create the receipt (information) that one will contain enough meaning that can allow the User to make a decision, influence or persuade one's customer.



The second part of our lecture, we have seen, How can IT affect our economic and some explanation about economic of Information ?
  As we know that before the improvement of Information Technology, when for example a company want to send a highly interactive information to others people. they had to pay a lot of money for communicating with a limited number of people.

         But now, with this quick growth of  technology, we don't need to travel anymore Everyone is able to have incredibly rich communication with everyone else because of Connectivity:  the Internet, Standards: Web standards, Internet standards, Application Standards, Database standards, etc.

The two basic elements of the information in the economics are Reach and Richness.
Reach concern the number of people who are involve in the exchanging of the information, It focus more of the people who works at the company. And Richness focus more about the amount of quality of information shared in the transaction, this one is composed by three components: bandwidth (the amount of information that can be moved from sender to receiver in a given time); customization (whether the information is tailored for an audience of a particular size); interactivity (the extent to which the involved parties can converse).

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First assignment presentation

Today is the seventh October 2012

       In today’s lecture, all the students had a presentation of an assignment, the theme was about Problem and solution associated in Information Management; the students had to work on groups composed by 5 or 6 students.

And this morning, each groups had to present their works in front of the lecturer and the others students.

         The subject was very interesting but most of the students didn’t handle it very well, especially me,  so to day I’m going to talk about what was happened in our presentations and  explain more things that I’ve remarked during it.

        First of all, I’d to like to say that I’m very proud and happy to study in foundation because I feel with determination and certainty that we’re going to improve our knowledge, our skills, our behavior and even our self-reflection by the helps of our remarkable Lecturer.

      
       Hence, Come back to how the presentation was, I’d like to present my sincere apologies to my favor lecturer  Miss Nur Khairunnisha Zainal  for my laziness to didn’t prepare very well  the assignment because  of the lack of connection  internet yesterday.   I know that it was not a reason for to fail but I have done my best this morning to do some research.

     During my presentation, I want to let you to know that it was my first presentation and my first time to speak in front of many people holding a microphone so it was inevitable to get stress and forget about everything :) 
.       OOhh what a shame??  I’d like to repeat again but anyway it was a great experience and I hope that next time I will prepare myself BYEEEEEEEEEEE.

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 My name is bilali youssouf said, i m 24 years old and i m from COMOROS  island.I have seven siblings,six brother and one sister,two of them are actually studying in French.I finished my highschool in 2010 with a diplomat of bachelor in french.I went to Kenya in Graffinc's College for English Studies.One year later i left and went to Madagascar to study LAW, suddenly i received the offer letter from Albukhary international University.However i immediately bought my flight tickets for Malaysia to secure and pursue my higher Education.When i reach in Malaysia it was amazing  because i can t believe that one day,  i will be in that particular country but now its actually happen and i m here now.In fact, i took the bus and it was six hours travelling along the way from Kuala Lumpur Airport to AIU(Albukhary International University).I m so happy to be in this university because i learnt to live with so many people with different nationality and learnt also name of different country which i never knew before like Vanuatu,Buthan,.... . Altough,i learnt information and technologie before in my high school days but it was the basic one.Now, i m learning new knowledge in this course. i have already some knowledge and experience since i was in high school. i have learnt about computer and its program such as ,microsoft word,skyblog,msn,etc...In conclusion information and technologie is one of my favourite course and i know, i will improve my capacity intelectual to achieve the course requiremnents to succeed in my academic studies.

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